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1.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 63: e20190395, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1132237

ABSTRACT

Abstract The α-tomatine is a steroidal glycoalkaloid found in immature tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) that has important biological functions including the inhibition of cancer cell growth and preventing metastasis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of α-tomatine on cytotoxicity, cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and mRNA expression of APC, CCNA2, β-catenin, CASP9, BAK, BAX and BCL-XL in colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29. HT29 cells were treated with three concentrations of α-tomatine (0.1, 1 and 10 µg/mL), although only the 1 µg/mL concentration of α-tomatine was used to evaluate genetic expression patterns by real time-PCR. Results showed that α-tomatine was cytotoxic only at the 10 µg/mL concentration. Cell proliferation was significantly inhibited after the first 24 hours of treatment only with concentrations of 10 µg/mL. In contrast, there were no significant differences in apoptosis for any treatment. In the gene expression studies, only APC expression was significantly altered by α-tomatine treatment. In conclusion, α-tomatine has antiproliferative activity in the first 24h of treatment, does not induce apoptosis in this cell line and causes disruption of cell membranes, thereby increasing the expression of APC gene related to cell cycle.


Subject(s)
Tomatine/pharmacology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , RNA, Messenger , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Gene Expression , HT29 Cells , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
2.
Semina cienc. biol. saude ; 33(1): 11-20, jan.-jun. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-678662

ABSTRACT

Estudos epidemiológicos mostram que a ingestão de alimentos ricos em isoflavonas (fitoestrógenos), como a soja, confere proteção contra vários tipos de câncer, o que aumenta o interesse científico e popular sobre esses compostos. No presente estudo, os fitoestrógenos de extrato de soja foram testados quanto aos efeitos genotóxicos e modulador de benzo [a] pireno e bleomicina. Dois fitoestrogênios foram avaliados in vitro, o fitoestrógenos “A” foi fornecido pela Embrapa-Soja, Londrina - PR, e o fitoestrógenos “B” foi comprado em uma farmácia de manipulação local. Os métodos utilizados foram o teste do Cometa (genotoxicidade e antigenotoxicidade) e teste do Micronúcleo com Bloqueio Citocinese mutagenicidade) em células de hepatoma de rato (HTC celulares). As isoflavonas foram testadas em três concentrações pré-estabelecidas pelo ensaio de citotoxidade MTT. Ambos os extratos de isoflavonas não mostraram efeitos genotóxicos no ensaio do cometa, mas mostraram indução de micronúcleo. Na avaliação dos fitoestrogênios para um efeito modulador, ambos os extratos fitoestrogênios mostraram efeito antigenotóxico no ensaio do cometa.


Epidemiologic studies show that the intake of foods rich in isoflavones (phytoestrogens), such as soybeans, confers protection against various types of cancer, what increases the scientific and popular interest on these compounds. In the present study, phytoestrogens extracts from soybeans were tested for genotoxic potential and modulatory effects on benzo[a]pyrene and bleomycin. Two phytoestrogens were evaluated in vitro, phytoestrogen “A” was supplied by EMBRAPA-Soja, Londrina – PR, and phytoestrogen “B” was purchased in a local drug store. The methods used were the comet assay (genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity) and micronucleus test with cytokinesis block (mutagenicity) in rat hepatoma cells (HTC cell). The isoflavones were tested at three concentrations pre-established by the MTT cytotoxicity assay. Both isoflavone extracts showed no genotoxic effects in the comet assay, but showed induction of micronucleus. In the evaluation of the phytoestrogens for a modulatory effect, both phytoestrogens extracts showed antigenotoxicity in the comet assay.


Subject(s)
Soybeans , Phytoestrogens , Genotoxicity , Mutagenicity Tests
3.
Genet. mol. biol ; 33(3): 542-548, 2010. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-555819

ABSTRACT

The common everyday use of medicinal plants is an ancient, and still very widespread practice, whereby the need for studies on their possible toxicity and mutagenic properties. The species Coccoloba mollis has been much used in phytotherapy, mainly in cases involving loss of memory and stress. In order to investigate its genotoxic and mutagenic potential, ethanolic extracts from the leaves and roots underwent Salmonella/microsome assaying (TA98 and TA100 strains, with and without exogenous metabolism - S9), besides comet and micronucleus tests in vivo.There was no significant increase in the number of revertants/plate of Salmonella strains in any of the analyzed root-extract concentrations, although the extract itself was extremely toxic to the Salmonella TA98 strain in the tests carried out with S9 (doses varying from 0.005 to 0.5 µg/plate). On the other hand, the leaf-extract induced mutations in the TA98 strain in the absence of S9 in the highest concentration evaluated, although at very low mutagenic potency (0.004 rev/µg). Furthermore, there was no statistically significant increase in the number of comets and micronuclei, in treatments involving Swiss mice. It was obvious that extracts of Coccoloba mollis, under the described experimental conditions, are not mutagenic.


Subject(s)
Animals , Microsomes , Plants, Medicinal , Salmonella , Comet Assay , Micronucleus Tests , Mutagenicity Tests , Polygonaceae
4.
Genet. mol. biol ; 31(1): 122-127, 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-476161

ABSTRACT

Functional food investigations have demonstrated the presence of substances that could be beneficial to human health when consumed. However, the toxic effects of some substances contained in foods have been determined. Reported medicinal and nutritive properties have led to the extensive commercialization of the basidiomycete fungi Agaricus blazei Murrill (sensu Heinemann), also known as Agaricus brasiliensis Wasser et al., Agaricus subrufescens Peck or the Brazilian medical mushroom (BMM). Different methanolic extract fractions (ME) of this mushroom were submitted to the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) clastogenic assay and the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase locus (HGPRT) assay for gene mutation, both using Chinese hamster ovary cells clone K1 (CHO-K1). The results suggest that all the fractions tested possess cytotoxic and mutagenic potential but no clastogenic effects. Further information is needed on the biochemical components of the A. blazei methanol fractions to identify any substances with cytotoxic and/or mutagenicity potential. These findings indicate that A. blazei methanolic extract should not be used due to their genotoxicity and care should be taken in the use of A. blazei by the general population until further biochemical characterization of this fungi is completed.


Subject(s)
Animals , Agaricus , Mutagens/toxicity , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Fungi/genetics , Micronucleus Tests
5.
Semina cienc. biol. saude ; 26(2): 131-140, out.-dez. 2005. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-429356

ABSTRACT

O Agaricus blazei Murril ss. Heinemann (ABM), cogumelo comestível nativo do Brasil, tem sido utilizado na medicina popular no tratamento de inúmeras doenças, incluindo o câncer. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do extrato ABM (0,4 por cento) na clastogenicidade induzida pela exposição à radiação ultravioleta (UV), em células CHO-k1, pelo teste de aberração cromossômica. As células foram tratadas em diferentes condições (tratamento contínuo, pré-tratamento e pós-tratamento), associadas à indução de danos no DNA pela UV. A análise dos dados demonstrou que a UV e o ABM apresentaram atividade clastogênica. Nos protocolos de pré e pós-tratamento não foram evidenciados efeitos anticlastogênicos. No entanto, o protocolo de tratamento contínuo demonstrou efeito protetor com redução de danos de 86,1 por cento. Os resultados não permitem inferir com clareza o tipo de mecanismo de ação do extrato de ABM, o qual poderia agir tanto por desmutagênese, quanto por bioantimutagênese. no entanto, é evidente o seu efeito na diminuição de danos causados por radiação não-ionizante, apesar de, em concentração muito elevada, apresentar atividade clastogênica.


Subject(s)
Radiation, Nonionizing , Sunscreening Agents , Ultraviolet Rays , Agaricus , Light , Mutation
6.
Genet. mol. biol ; 28(3): 458-463, July-Sept. 2005. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-416329

ABSTRACT

Agaricus blazei Murrill, popularly known as the sun mushroom, is a native mushroom in SP, Brazil, that has been widely used in the treatment of cancer and many other pathologies in different parts of the world. A water-soluble protein-polysaccharide complex (1 -> 6)beta-D-glucan has been isolated from its fruiting body that showed immune-modulation activity. From organic extracts, linoleic acid has been isolated and determined to be the main substance with antimutagenic activity. Using both the micronucleus (MN) and comet (single cell microgel electrophoresis) assays, this study determined the genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of A. blazei (AB) obtained from commercial sources or the following strains: a) strains AB 97/29 (young and sporulated phases); b) a mixture taken from AB 96/07, AB 96/09 and AB 97/11 strains; and c) commercial mushrooms from Londrina, PR and Piedade, SP, designated as AB PR and AB SP, respectively. The extracts from these mushrooms were isolated in chloroform:methanol (3:1) and used in vitro at three different concentrations. V79 cells (Chinese hamster lung cells) were exposed to the extracts under pre-, simultaneous and post-treatment conditions, combined with methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). Under the circumstances of this study, these organic extracts did not show any genotoxic or mutagenic effects, but did protect cells against the induction of micronuclei by MMS.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cricetinae , Agaricus/genetics , Comet Assay , Micronucleus Tests , Mutagens/toxicity
7.
Rev. paul. enferm ; 23(1): 43-49, jan.-mar. 2004. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-499353

ABSTRACT

As autoras discutem o perfil de um grupo de atendentes de enfermagem atuantes em serviços de saúde pública da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, na região norte do município de São Paulo, dando escuta para suas percepções e sentimentos em relação ao trabalho e sua busca por possibilidades de inserção institucional decorrentes das mudanças na regulamentação do exercício profissional de enfermagem. Os atendentes pesquisados, por meio de questionário, são em sua maioria mulheres, casadas, com idade superior a 40 anos e possuem escolarização mínima exigida por lei para o curso de auxiliar de enfermagem. As autoras consideraram fatores pessoais, institucionais e políticos determinantes e limitantes dessa situação, discutindo alternativas de profissionalização para esse grupo


The authors discuss nurse-aid personal profile and their professional situation in public-health governamental services in São Paulo, according to legal changes becomes in Brazilian nurse practice since 1996. The informations and opinions about nurse-aids situation was obtain throught questionaries applied in São Paulo city, in public health district service situated on the north of the city, and show a group of married women in age of 40´or more, with a fundamental school leve education. The analysis consider particulary and institutional elements and political determinants of this situation propounding alternative ways to professionalization for nurse-aids group


Las autoras discuten el perfil de un grupo de ayudantes de enfermería actuantes en servicios de salud pública de la Secretaría del Estado de Salud, en la región norte del municipio de São Paulo, dando escuta a sus percepciones y sentimentos con relación al trabajo y de la búsqueda de possibilidades de inserción institucional decorrientes de los cambios en la reglamentación del ejercício profesional de enfermería. Los asistentes pesquisados, por medio de cuestionario, son en su mayoría mujeres, casadas, con edad superior a 40 años y poseen escolarización mínima exigida por ley para el curso de auxiliar de enfermería. Las autoras consideran factores personales, institucionales y políticos determinantes y limitantes de esta situación, discutiendo alternativas de profesionalización para esse grupo


Subject(s)
Nursing Assistants , Nursing, Team , Education, Nursing , Health Workforce
8.
Rev. bras. cancerol ; 46(2): 147-54, abr.-jun. 2000.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-280959

ABSTRACT

O presente artigo descreve as conseqüências de algumas terapias utilizadas para o câncer sobre o material genético de pacientes com neoplasias. O objetivo é ressaltar a importância da avaliação da relação risco/benefício dos diferentes tratamentos utilizados para o câncer, e da continuidade de pesquisas para o desenvolvimento de novas formas de terapia e de novas drogas antineoplásicas. Faremos breve exposição sobre o processo de carcinogênese de múltiplas etapas, destacando o conceito geral de que o câncer é uma doença genética. São apresentados os efeitos mutagênicos das radiações ionizantes e de algumas classes de quimioterápicos sobre o material genético. Além dos efeitos deletérios desses agentes para o paciente, são também relatados efeitos nocivos para os indivíduos que manipulam ou que são responsáveis pela condução dos tratamentos. Abordaremos de modo geral, os danos genéticos induzidos por agentes antineoplásicos mutagênicos tanto para o paciente como para os indivíduos que os manipulam, predispondo-os ao desenvolvimento de um segundo tumor ou de um tumor primário, respectivamente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Brachytherapy/adverse effects , Drug Therapy/adverse effects , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Neoplasms/genetics , Neoplasms/therapy , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Risk
9.
Acta toxicol. argent ; 5(2): 75-6, dic. 1997. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-241880

ABSTRACT

Atualmente, o método standard para identificacao de substancias cancerígenas é teste de longa-duracao, con roedores. No Brasil nao há condicoes para a sua execucao, devido á inexistencia de especialistas e de infra-estructura adecuada. En consequencia, o país é dependente dos conhecimentos gerados no exterior sobre o risco que determinados compostos químicos impoem ás populacoes e ao meio ambiente. Além disto, as desvantagens operacionais de teste delonga-duiracao levaram ao desenvolvimento de bioensaios alternativos, mais convenientes. O Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente(IBAMA) adotou oficialmente o bioensaio de média-duracao para múltiplos orgaos, no rato, como fonte de evidencia do potencial cancerígeno de agentes químicos. Con isto, procura atender a demanda de substancias que precisam ser testadas no país, antes de colocadas no mercado e, ao mesmo tempo, aum,entar o know-how nacional em carcinogénese química e avaliacao de risco cancerígeno


Subject(s)
Animals , Biological Assay , Carcinogens/isolation & purification , Chemical Compounds
10.
Arq. biol. tecnol ; 32(4): 787-91, 1989.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-82942

ABSTRACT

A method for the generation of a dichlorvos atmosphere to be used in mutagenicity experiments is proposed, based on a simple device which allows indirect estimation of insecticide concentration. The system can also be applied to other kinds of liquid insecticides, since it is simply based on the weight losses of the flask during vaporization


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Atmosphere , Dichlorvos/analysis , Insecticides/analysis , Environmental Exposure , Steam/adverse effects
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